Detailed discussion of mitigation, planning, preparedness, response and recovery will build on earlier introductions of these concepts. Examples of the application of these phases to actual government plans and incidents will be given. The federal Incident Command System recognizes preparedness, mitigation, response, and recovery as management phases; this discussion explores the importance of breaking preparedness into two concrete phases: problem identification and planning.The purpose of problem identification is to determine the type, nature, scope and potential consequences of possible threats before making plans and taking action in resolving the problem. An example using an inundation map of U.C.L.A., which indicates the elapsed time of flooding at certain points on the campus from an overhill reservoir, will be used to introduce problem identification. Next, a strategy of action, including a combination of tactics to address the specific emergency, will demonstrate the planning phase. Mitigation is presented as the application of planning in order to prevent emergencies from occurring or minimizing the consequences ahead of time of those that do occur. Response is illustrated through examples of immediate, concerted actions. Finally, recovery is shown as the implementation of strategies or actions designed to return the affected area to a condition of normalcy. Recovery is addressed from economic, physical and social perspectives. Short-term, mid-term and long-term recovery phases are differentiated.
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